What is Colposcopy?

Colposcopy is a medical examination procedure during which the gynecologist examines the external genitalia, vagina, and cervix using a special instrument called a colposcope. Although the term means the “examination” or “view” of the vagina, this method is used for an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix. Magnification can reach up to 40 times. The greater the magnification, the more accurate the examination results. This test enables the Health Care Provider to identify lesions at early stages that are impossible to detect with a naked-eye examination.

Purpose of Colposcopy

Colposcopy is performed when a routine screening of cervical cancer (Pap test) detects lesions in the cells of the cervix and provides more information about these cellular changes. Symptoms that may prompt an evaluation with a colposcopy include:

• Warts found intravaginally and in the cervix

• Cervical inflammation

• Benign neoplasms (non-cancerous), such as polyps

• Pain

• Bleeding

Sometimes, colposcopy examinations need to be repeated several times.

How is the Procedure Performed?

Colposcopy can be done in a gynecological clinic. It is preferable to have the examination when you are not having your period to achieve optimal visualization of the cervix. You should abstain from sexual intercourse at least 24 hours prior to the examination, wash the vaginal area, and avoid using tampons. You will lie down on an exam table as you would for a Pap test. The Health Care Provider will place a speculum into your vagina to provide a better view of the cervix. Once the device is in position, the Health Care Provider will gently cleanse your cervix with saline, either using a spray bottle or a cotton swab. Next, the colposcope will be positioned close to your vaginal opening, so the light is shining on the vagina and cervix.

When is a Biopsy Required During Colposcopy?

If your Health Care Provider sees something that does not look normal, a biopsy may be performed. This means the Health Care Provider will take a tiny sample of tissue and send it to a lab. The tissue sample is placed in a bottle containing formalin and sent to the laboratory for examination.

What to Expect During Recovery

If a biopsy is not performed during colposcopy, you should feel fine after the procedure. It is possible to notice brown spotting in your underwear. If a biopsy is performed, you may feel discomfort or weakness for 1 or 2 days. In this case, the use of analgesic medications may help alleviate the discomfort. Additionally, you may experience small vaginal bleeding or brown spotting for a few days due to the medication used to stop bleeding during the biopsy. For this reason, it is good to carry a panty liner. While the cervix heals, your Health Care Provider may suggest that you limit your daily activities and strictly follow their instructions. Avoid sexual intercourse, using tampons, and vaginal washes for a few days after colposcopy. Please immediately contact your Health Care Provider if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Severe vaginal bleeding (i.e., if you need to use more than one pad per hour)

• Severe pain low in the abdomen

• Fever

• Shivering